City of Curitiba
The capital of the State of Paraná, Curitiba, has become world renowned for its
innovative urban solutions, winning a UNESCO prize for its urban development. Its
integrated transport planning is responsible for an effective infrastructure that
makes bus travel fast and convenient. Education and health have been treated as
priority services and the quality of life enjoyed by its inhabitants.
The name
Curitiba comes from the endless pine forests that covered its territory. There are
two acceptable versions for the name's origin: the Indians of the Tupi nation, namely
the Jê and the Guarani - as well as the Tingüi - employed the word corae (pine seed)
atuba (a lot). The other version, also from the Tupi language, comes from the
combination of kurit (pine tree) and yba (large amount). Curitiba was founded in the
17th century as a gold-mining camp, became the capital of the State of Paraná in 1854
and grew rapidly after 1940. Its 1.6 million people are a synthesis of several
cultures of immigrants that arrived in the city during the 19th century and early
20th century. City of eclectic culture and of strong influence from the European
immigrants. This is mainly noticed in the city's architecture, gastronomy and
religion.
The city
has a temperate climate and an average altitude of 908 meters. The average
temperature during the summers is 21°C, and during the winter, 13°C. Holder of the
title of Brazilian city offering the best quality of life, Curitiba is the forerunner
in terms of concern for ecology,
setting up Brazil's first environmental university, the Free University
of the Environment, which runs projects relating to a sustainable economy,
conservation of the ecosystem and environmental education. Deep in a native forest
covering 37,000 m2, its researchers are highly aware and are influencing the growth
of the city, which bases its economy on trade, the provision of services and
processing industries, scattered across Curitiba's Industrial City.
The transport
system is a model for major cities. One of the most prosperous and organized cities
in Brazil. This Brazilian metropolis, in southern Brazil, was nominated as the
American Capital of Cultural 2003, an initiative of the Organization of the American
States (OEA). The well-being of the citizen is the main preoccupation of the city,
whose urban expansion is planned so as to avoid stress for its inhabitants. In order
for both residents and visitors to enjoy the numerous parks and the city's pure air,
the local corporation has organized a special bus service. Curitiba's buses carry 50
times more passengers than they did 20 years ago, but people spend only about 10
percent of their yearly income on transport. As a result, despite the second highest
per capita car ownership rate in Brazil (one car for every three people), Curitiba's
gasoline use per capita is 30 percent below that of eight comparable Brazilian
cities. Other results include negligible emissions levels, little congestion, and an
extremely pleasant living environment.
The city's trademark is the pine-kernel footprint walk. This is a three kilometer
route that can be walked, cycled or travelled along by a special bus running between
the city's tourist spots. By following the enormous pine-kernels painted on the
ground, the visitor can follow a cultural and historical route that forms part of the
Footprints in the Memory project leading to churches, historic buildings and
squares. A pine-kernel (pinhão) image was used to create the icons of
the SIBGRAPI-SIACG 2004 web page (see the logo). The website was idealized by Jayne Sunye.
The Curitiba Minor
Basilica Cathedral is situated in Tiradentes Square where the city of Curitiba was
born, it was inaugurated in 1893, built in the neo-Gothic style and inspired by
Barcelona Cathedral. The original image, dedicated to Our Lady of Light, came from
Portugal in 1720 and is now in the Paraná Museum. The Relógio das Flores (Clock of
Flowers) is situated in Garibaldi Square, it measures six meters in diameter and
consists of different flowers planted according to the season.
The "Plácio
Garibaldi" is a neoclassic building, located in front of the
Garibaldi Square. The welcome cocktail of the SIBGRAPI-SIACG 2004
will take place in this building. The Garibaldi Society has been on
this site since 1900, but was created in 1883 with the aim of
supporting the integration of Italian immigrants into the new
land. This society has played, therefore, an important role in the
history of the Paraná state workers' momemt. The Paraná Workers
Federation was founded there during the first State Congress in
1906. During World War II, the building was invaded and seized by the
government. The facilities were given back to the Italian colony in
1965 and finally became a "Unit of Interested Preservation".
The Rua das
Flores (Flower Street) is the first pedestrian street in Brazil, inaugurated in 1972,
with well-tended pots of flowers and bars and confectioners in hundred-year-old
buildings and lanchonetes. The Boca Maldita (Cursed Mouth) is a famous pedestrianized area located in the Rua das Flores with a large mouth symbolizing the spirit of the place. A platform for political demonstrations, the reciting of poetry and a meeting place for debate, rumor and politics. Curitiba is also a Brazilian reference when theater and classic music matters. The city has several theaters and places for artistic performances.
Between the plains and the coast, one of the state's most alluring routes is the
one followed by the Imperial Railway which since 1880, has linked Curitiba with
Paranaguá. The precipices of the Serra do Mar in the middle of the Atlantic Forest
are skirted by 100 kilometers of track, passing through tunnels, over bridges,
viaducts and ravines washed by waterfalls. For those who prefer to go by road, the
same section can be travelled by the Graciosa highway which still has stretches that
have the original 1873 surface, adorned by kilometers of giant hydrangeas and where,
during a pause to enjoy the view, the visitor can enjoy the state's most typical
dish, barreado. A legacy of the Brazilian Indians, this delicacy is prepared with
salted beef, bacon and spices which must be cooked together for ten hours in a clay
pot with a crust of moistened cassava flour. The resulting shredded meat is
accompanied by a succulent porridge and baked banana.
Located in Paraná is the Brazilian portion of the Itaipu hydroelectric plant, on
the River Paraná. Together with other plants such as those at Foz da Areia, Salto
Santiago, Salto Segredo and Salto Osório on the River Iguaçu, the State produces 25%
of Brazil's electricity. It takes advantage of the dams to attract tourists such as
in the case of Itaipu Lake, an area bounded by around 1,300 km of shoreline, part of
which faces the Iguaçu Falls in The Iguaçu National
Park that covers an area of 220,000 hectares - 170,000 in Brazil and 50,000 in
Argentina - declared as being a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.